Sensor-based IoT nodes under development for the Green Digital Transformation for measuring soil quality parameter

Abstract

Green digitalization represents a modern concept that integrates digital technologies with the aim of enhancing sustainable development and promoting the rational use of natural resources. In the context of agriculture, it involves the application of intelligent IoT-based sensor systems and cloud infrastructure to optimize processes, reduce energy consumption, and protect the environment. Soil quality, as a fundamental resource of agricultural production, plays a crucial role in this process, as it directly affects the productivity and ecological stability of agroecosystems. In this paper, a cloud-oriented data acquisition system for soil quality monitoring has been developed, contributing to the goals of green digitalization through automation, energy efficiency, and the reduction of the need for manual sampling. The system is based on an Arduino microcontroller, an ESP8266 Node MCU Wi-Fi module, and a multifunctional RS485 4–20 mA soil sensor that measures temperature, moisture, pH value, and electrical conductivity. The collected data are automatically transferred to the Oracle Autonomous Database via REST Data Services (ORDS) and analyzed through the Oracle APEX application, providing remote access and real-time analysis. The proposed solution demonstrates how the integration of IoT technologies and cloud services can contribute to the development of green digital agriculture, enabling more precise resource management, reduced use of water and chemicals, and preservation of soil quality at the desired level. Such systems have significant potential for application in sustainable land management, environmental protection, and the achievement of green transition objectives.